POLYMERS Polymers Are Large Molecules Composed Of Smaller Molecules Ca

Polymers are huge particles made out of littler atoms called monomers. Monomers are delivered and either become together or are collected to create a solitary polymer. There are manufactured and common polymers. A few instances of regular polymers would be wood, starches, fingernails, and hair. Engineered polymers are typically alluded to as plastics. Oil, is the essential monomer used to deliver polymers. An English physicist named Alexander Parkes was the primary researcher to deliver the principal engineered polymer in 1862. John Wesley Hyatt, an American, was the primary individual to deliver a useable polymer two years after the fact. He named the item celluloid. The prime temperance of polymers is a high solidarity to-weight proportion. Mechanical quality polymers outperform titanium in rigidity. To include quality and improve adaptability, polymers are now and again invigorated with short-fiber added substances, for the most part fiberglass. This is known as a polymer composit e. One specific polymer has multiple times the quality of tempered steel and is being utilized in slug evidence vests. Another composite will be utilized to attach together the segments proposed space stations. Polymers have likewise been utilized in vehicles, including the Chevrolet Camaro and the Pontiac Fiero. New polymers are being made with more quality and adaptability by brushing two synthetically various polymers and creating a square copolymer. Mixes of square copolymers and composites and planned for use in sponsor rockets and in materials of Earth-circling establishments. Most basic polymers are generally strong, however another class of polymers is being presented in a fluid gem state. In spite of the fact that these polymers despite everything have the physical qualities of fluid, they are organized progressively like solids. Numerous fluid precious stones are straightforward at one temperature and hued at another temperature. This makes them reasonable for use in fluid gem shows, for example, in computerized watches, hand-held adding machines, and PCs. Another fluid polymer, comprising of a blend of iron and nickel, is being utilized to make metal connections that can be utilized in paper, glass, and on electronic circuit sheets. In spite of the turn of events and far reaching utilization of polymers, logical comprehension is as yet crude. Polymer improvement has happened through experimentation. Logical inadequacies are getting progressively evident in the quest for polymers that can satisfy the needs for high innovation of today. The new investigation is on the microstructure of polymers while still in a fluid state. The reason for existing is to figure out how the strong state structure is created. A definitive objective is to have the option to anticipate properties from a particular material under a steady arrangement of handling conditions.

Weeks vs. Southern Bell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Weeks versus Southern Bell - Research Paper Example Mrs. Weeks have likewise claimed that her manager, Southern Bell should restore the situation to Mrs. Weeks alongside remuneration for harms incurred for the exercises of segregation of sex. Mrs. Weeks have additionally requested for essential activity so Southern Bell should forgo such unlawful acts of work in future. The point by point records of the case demonstrate that Mrs. Weeks had applied for the post of switchman in South Bell on seventeenth March, 1966. Southern Bell rejected the use of Mrs. Weeks on eighteenth April, 1966 refering to the explanation that the situation of switchman and the obligations and duties related with the post isn't fit for ladies. Post this refusal, Mrs. Weeks documented an unsworn accuse of the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission and a delegate of the Commission got a sworn charge from Mrs. Weeks on 30th July, 1966. The Commission completed examinations on the charges realized by Mrs. Weeks on her manager Southern Bell and discovered there wa s no extent of judgment taking a gander at the obligations and duties of switchman in the organization that ladies are not fit for such positions (Staleup, 2005). On nineteenth April 1967, Mrs. Weeks was educated by the Commission that the assuagement strategy with Southern Bell has end up being a disappointment and that Mrs. Weeks was given a timespan of 30 days to record the body of evidence against Southern Bell. The Commission delegated a guidance for Mrs. Weeks who recorded the body of evidence against Southern Bell for her benefit on eighteenth May, 1967. In answer to this supposed unlawful act of sex separation in the field work in setting to Mrs. Weeks, the organization cross-advanced saying that according to the prerequisites of the code of law, there was no sworn charge recorded by Mrs. Weeks inside a quarter of a year of the supposed unlawful practice. According to the codes of locale, the refusal of the application for work happened on eighteenth April, 1966 and that the sworn charge ought to be documented inside 90 days, for example by 30th July, 1966. The organization featured that there was blunder with respect to the District Court to overrule this viewpoint and dependent on these focuses, the organization applied for excusal of the charges documented by Mrs. Weeks against them. The District Court approved the activities of the commission for this situation saying that the alterations permit the Commission to charge cases recorded past the timeframe of 90 days. The District likewise accentuated that independent of whether its is a sworn charge, any composed grievance against the guilty party or the business by their representative or the casualty that recognizes the gatherings engaged with the case and the supposed unlawful practices subject to court’s judgment is considered to be substantial under the codes of locale. Southern Bell has held the view that that Commission just has the privilege to get protests from the wronged gatherings and participate in the authoritative procedures and in no juridical procedure. Along these lines the commission has the privilege to participate during the time spent settlement through placation, meeting, and so forth. The Commission has no capacity to authorize juridical issues as it has done through commitment of the insight for Mrs. Weeks (Robertson, 2006). With regards to this case, the administrative history is, be that as it may, quiet on the issue in regards to the necessity of the charges to be recorded by the abused gatherings. The charge independent of its tendency whether it is a composed grievance or sworn charge is seen to be the energizer that starts the procedures against the supposed legal practices like the instance of sex based separation of work

How to Help Your Students Do Well on Their Term Paper

How to Help Your Students Do Well on Their Term PaperIf you're in a bit of a bind with regards to your term paper writing and you're not sure how to write effectively and in the way that will help your students do well on it, then you've come to the right place. In this article I'm going to give you a few tips that you can use to help get your term paper done.First off, it's very important to realize that your term paper is not supposed to be any different than any other paper. When you're writing a term paper, you're writing for your class, so the same rules apply as with any other. In fact, one of the best ways to help your students do well on their term paper is to make it clear that they are doing their homework and that you are giving them the information that they need to perform well.One thing that you should always remember is that the main goal of your term paper is to help your students learn. This means that you have to avoid any and all filler and instead focus on giving them the information that they need. In fact, this is one of the biggest mistakes that students make when writing their term papers.You should try to make every word count in your writing, because that is going to help your students gain more from the material that you're presenting. However, you have to make sure that the material that you're presenting is very important to them, and that they are motivated enough to learn it. This means that you're going to have to pull out all the stops.The next thing that you should do is to give your students plenty of time before they begin to write their term paper. Take some time before you begin writing the term paper to make sure that you've done your research. This is going to save you lots of frustration later on.It's also important to make sure that you don't try to rush through any writing that you need to do for your term paper. This doesn't mean that you can't take some time to do the research, but it does mean that you have to have some structure to your work. Without having a structure you're just going to be guessing when you're going to write something, which is not going to be very efficient at all.Finally, it's important to make sure that you review your term paper before you start writing it. This means that you have to go back and read everything you wrote to make sure that it still fits the guidelines that you set forth when you first started the term paper. In fact, this is one of the most important steps that you can take to help your students get better at term paper writing.Those are just a few tips that you can use to help you write an effective term paper. They may not be the most exciting tips out there, but they will make your term paper more effective, and that is what matters. After all, when you can help your students get better at something, then you're more likely to succeed and earn your degree.

The 10 Hardest to Pronounce (and Spell) Prehistoric Animals

The Modern Era Of Childhood Immunizations Essay - 1750 Words

Prior to the modern era of childhood immunizations, parents would have been surprised at the thought that future generations would be able to protect their children from many of the most serious childhood infectious diseases. The development of immunizations is fairly recent, but one of the greatest successes in medical history. Most parents in the United States understand how imperative childhood immunizations are, but there are some parents that still chose to not have their children immunized against these lethal diseases. For some, the justification for denying these immunizations come from a religious perspective, but for most the decision is more commonly made out of ignorance or misinformation such as myths of side effects and long term effects of these vaccines. Many parents to not know the history of these fatal diseases and what parents had to fear when they did not have the option to vaccinate their children. After all, there was a time when diphtheria was one of the most feared childhood diseases, claiming more than 10,000 lives a year in the United States during the 1920s (CDC, Diptheria, 2016). In the 1940s through the 1950s, polio paralyzed and even took the lives of children by the thousands. At one point in time, the measles affected nearly a half-million US children every year. Almost everyone in the United States got it at some point during childhood—and it sometimes caused complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis (CDC, Measles (Rubeola), 2016).Show MoreRelatedImmunizations And Vaccinations : A Hot Topic1426 Words   |  6 Pages Immunizations and Vaccinations: A Hot Topic Crystal L. Clauser Frostburg State University Immunizations and Vaccinations: A Hot Topic In the United States, the childhood immunization schedule recommends that children receive approximately 15 vaccinations by 19 months of age, and it specifies ages for administration of each vaccination dose (Luman, Barker, McCauley, Drews-Botsch, 2005, p. 1367). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a vaccine is a product thatRead More The Importance of Childhood Vaccination Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pageseliminate many formally fatal and debilitating childhood illnesses in countries where the immunization of children is nearly universal. Diseases such as measles, mumps, diphtheria, rubella and polio have been relegated to a marginal status in developed countries with active immunization campaigns; smallpox is actually considered to have been completely eliminated from the earth, without a single case having been reported since roughly 1979 (â€Å"Childhood†). Largely centered around a study published inRead More The Importance of Childhood Vaccinati on Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pageseliminate many formerly fatal and debilitating childhood illnesses in countries where the immunization of children is nearly universal. Diseases such as measles, mumps, diphtheria, rubella and polio have been relegated to a marginal status in developed countries with active immunization campaigns; smallpox is actually considered to have been completely eliminated from the earth, without a single case having been reported since roughly 1979 (â€Å"Childhood†). Largely centered around a study published inRead MoreEssay on The History of Vaccine1385 Words   |  6 Pagesof the terrifying diseases like smallpox and polio. Now, after years of vaccine invention, vaccination spread in many countries which helped in eradicate several illnesses. In the United States, each family is required to show their childrens immunization chart in order to get accepted in many educational institutes. Parents usually face the decision whether to vaccinate their children or not when their children are first born. Knowing how vaccines are made and their mechanism to prevent diseasesRead MoreThe History of Vaccines and Immunization4179 Words   |  17 PagesOf Vaccines And Immunization: Familiar Patterns, New Challenges Alexandra Minna Stern and Howard Markel Abstract Human beings have benefited from vaccines for more than two centuries. Yet the pathway to effective vaccines has been neither neat nor direct. This paper explores the history of vaccines and immunization, beginning with Edward Jenner’s creation of the world’s first vaccine for smallpox in the 1790s. We then demonstrate that many of the issues salient in Jenner’s era—such as the needRead MoreHealth Policy : Health Care Policy1241 Words   |  5 Pagessickness in order to turn benevolence to power. The government of United States took no actions to subsidize voluntary funds. The federal government left matters to the states and voluntary and private programs (Lindsay, 2005). In the progressive era, President Roosevelt Theodore supported health insurance because he believed a strong nation needs well people. In 1906, the American association of labor legislation led the campaign for health insurance. Rhode Island congressional representative introducedRead MoreThe Breath Of Other People Killed Them1437 Words   |  6 PagesE. Kelly Jr. In the Dunn and Kelly article it was emphasized that when natives got sick from diseases that Columbus brought over, they were seen as weak because the diseases that were decimating their population were typically contracted during childhood. Columbus also viewed the spread of disease as an act of God which was meant to punish the natives for their savagery. Eventually, the etiology of disease shifted from religious belief to two different theories the miasma theory and the contagionRead MoreVaccination Of Vaccination And Vaccination1585 Words   |  7 Pagesstate governments, could consider utilizing measures currently used in Australia and France that would further dissuade people from seeking such exemptions. History of Vaccination and Vaccination Mandates Prior to engaging in an investigation of the modern vaccination laws and policies it is first helpful to briefly explore the history of vaccines. The history of vaccines extends back centuries. The first recoded inoculation occurred in China around 1000 A.D. The history of subsequent centuries isRead MoreDisability The word disability is considered to be as the umbrella word. By umbrella word we mean2600 Words   |  11 Pagesinto a fast technological era. The time is very much change from the previous eras. The life on this planet has been modified from different eras to this one. These different eras were: Stone Age, Snow Age, Wooden Age, etc. The needs and the specification for every age were different. The people cannot use the clothes of Stone Age in the snow age. This is the reason the people of this modern age cannot live and survive with the same facilities provided in the previous eras. When it come the matterRead MoreUnderstanding Marketing Management16709 Words   |  67 Pagesthe 44th President of the United States was attributed, in part, to the adoption of new marketing practices. The â€Å"Obama for America† presidential campaign combined a charismatic politician, a powerful message of hope, and a thoroughly integrated modern marketing program. The marketing plan needed to accomplish two very different goals: expand the electorate via broader messages while targeting very specific audiences. Multimedia tactics combined offline and online media, as well as free and paid

Higher Education On The United States Essay - 1770 Words

The purpose of higher education in the United States has been widely debated since its inception over three centuries ago (Abowitz, 2008; Chunoo Osteen, 2016; Delbanco, 2012; Thelin, 2004). Disagreement over the fundamental role higher education plays - from cultivating citizenship for democracy to creating a skilled workforce intended to procure profits - turns the conversation philosophical. The question presented by Tugend (2012), â€Å"Is the purpose of college to ensure a good job after graduation, to provide a broad and deep humanities education, or to create an engaged citizenry?† (as cited in Chunoo Osteen, 2016, p. 10) can be simplified into who receives the most ‘good’ from higher education: society or the individual? (Bok, 2003; Hensley, Galilee-Belfer, Lee, 2013). While it is possible to make a case for a number of competing purposes, I purport that the primary function of higher education in the United States in the twenty-first century is for the private good, where ‘private good’ represents the economic gain of both the individual and the institution. By analyzing historical data and public policy, the structure and governance of postsecondary institutions, and government and institutional rhetoric, one can ascertain the clearly defined space colleges and universities take up in a society focused on globalization and economic expansion. One of the truest ways to discern higher education for economic gain is by examining the social and political events overShow MoreRelatedHigher Education At The United States Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesHigher education in the United States was introduced in 1636 when Harvard University first opened its doors. At the time, college was seen as an exclusive institution, typically reserved for the wealthy elite. In the 1600’s, a college degree was not necessary to get a decent job and make a living; therefore, there was not a high demand for it. Since then, public opinion and attitudes about higher education have changed significantly. In today’s job market, a college degree is a requirement for aRead MoreHigher Education At The United States2111 Words   |  9 Pages Higher education here in the United States is widely accessible to students, however, there are some students in communities that do not attend because of their background differences. There would be stu dents that are discouraged or do not have the proper resource to help them out because they are first generation college students. Also, they could be struggling with financial issue that can also be a factor that prevent the students to achieve a higher education. Most of the time students who struggleRead MoreHigher Education During The United States Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesHigher education in the United States, today, is a modified derivative of colonial American higher education. To understand its purpose, it is imperative to contextualize its founding. In exile, the Puritans sought a new world, one that would provide a platform for their religious beliefs. Upon arrival to America, houses were built, life’s necessities, churches and governments were developed. The next area of importance was the establishment of advanced learning for future generations to come (DelbancoRead MoreThe Higher Education System Of The United States Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesCurrently, American higher education industry is dealing with decreased federal and state support, rising tuition and fees costs, and public demand for accountability and transparency among other challenges. Colleges and universities, public as well as private, try to adapt to societal demands and maintain fiscal stability while maintaining high academic quality. Many institutions of higher learning consider budget cuts, furloughs, and delaying maintenance to reduce expenses and turn to revenue sourcesRead MorePursuing A Higher Education At The United States1865 Words   |  8 Pageschanged for the people that want to pursue a higher education. The cost of attendance has incremented, the discovery of new courses, remodeling of courses, new majors have been added, technology has been implemented and campuses have been modernized. It has been the government s responsibility in creating new paths to the middle class and ensuring the nation’s economic prosperity by opening the doors of higher education. The ultimate mission of the United States is to support the students in achievingRead MoreComparison of Turkey and United States Higher Education Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Turkey and United States Higher Education Introduction The higher education provided by the United States resembles the structure of the undergraduate college in the United Kingdom, and the research university in German. Turkey’s system of higher education is a product of a long struggle that the country has gone through after proclamation of the country. The character of the higher education in the United States bases its belief from the American people driving the ideals ofRead MoreSecretary Of Education Report Charts The Future Of United States Higher Education1061 Words   |  5 PagesSecretary of Education Recommendation Paper DaWayne D. Nettles Columbia College 2015 The Secretary of Education report charts the future of United States higher education and outlines various recommendations to improve it. As higher education evolves in unexpected ways, this new landscape demands innovation and flexibility from the institutions that serve the nation’s learners. The recommendations mentioned include assess, cost and affordability, financial aid, learning, transparencyRead MoreThe United State Government Spent Too Much Money Higher Education909 Words   |  4 PagesThe United State government spent so much money higher education, â€Å"The federal government spends 167 billion on higher education, mostly through federally subsidized college loans, Pell grants, work-study programs, and tuition tax credits and deductions. Many times when the government given the college the money, this money is unregularly, â€Å"This money flows freely to colleges and universities with very few strings attached†. The government spent so much money on hig her education so that people canRead MoreGraduation Speech : A College Application And Writing An Essay Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding on the emergence of the two should also be included. Predominantly White Institutions (PWI) is colleges or Universities where the student populace is primarily White. Whereas Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are higher education institutions specifically established to educate African Americans. Although one can and will receive a degree within their major at either of the two, it is better to be a part of a University where a person knows the birthplace, can personallyRead MoreMinority Serving Institutions and the American Education System572 Words   |  2 Pagesserving institutions have been an integral part of the education system in the United States since before the Civil War (LeMelle, 2002). Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have, for much of their existence, been criticized for the level of academic rigor, political context, and their social agenda have created controversy for generations. With that being said, HBCUs hold a valuable place in the landscape of US higher education instituti ons. The culture, history, and perspective that

Small For Gestational Age Babies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Small For Gestational Age Babies. Answer: Possible causes of small for gestational age babies Small for gestation age is a word used to describe babies whose birth weight is less than the 10th percentile (Veglia, Cavallaro, Papageorghiou, Black Impey, 2017).This implies that, the babies are smaller than the normal babies who weigh above13 ounces, 5 pounds by the 36h week of pregnancy, thus, babies weighing below 8 ounces, 5 pounds are assumed to be low birth weight(Gupta, Naert, Rachlin, Saltzman Fox, 2017). In small for gestational age (SGA) babies are smaller in size than expected, most generally characterized as a weight beneath the tenth percentile for the gestational age (Veglia, Cavallaro, Papageorghiou, Black Impey, 2017).. Gestational age is the word used to illustrate time that has passed since the start of the ladies last menstrual period which is typically tallied in weeks since it does not depend on the actual time of fertilization, which is hard to indicate unless vitro insemination is done (Gupta, Naert, Rachlin, Saltzman Fox, 2017).. Gestational age is the essential because it is the one that determines organ development, thus the causes of small for gestational babies (SGA) are due to several factors which include; Maternal factors; this include heart or respiratory disease, malnourishment, anemia high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease advanced diabetes substance use where by nicotine is involved (Veglia, Cavallaro, Papageorghiou, Black Impey, 2017).. Variables that involve or affect the uterus and placenta; Decreased blood stream in the uterus and placenta orsuddenness (where by the placenta separates from uterus), placenta joins to low in the uterus (placenta Previa), soft tissue is infected surrounding the fetus (Veglia, Cavallaro, Papageorghiou, Black Impey, 2017). And issues that are related the development of the unborn baby ; Multiple gestation;cases where the more babies one carries increase the chance of more factors related with growth issues in the first place) birth defects, and chromosomal irregularity (Kvalvik, Haug Skjrven, 2017).. In addition, factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, infections, drug abuse, anemia, kidney diseases, and cigarette smoking can contribute to this condition (Kvalvik, HaugSkjrven, 2017). Difference between small for gestational age and intrauterine growth restriction Intrauterine growth restriction is when there is a low birth weight and the unborn baby is smaller than it should be because the baby is not growing at a normal rate inside the womb. While in cases of small for gestation age, the baby does not receive enough blood flow, thus the baby does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients because of placenta problems such as pre-eclampsia, affecting the growth of the baby (Gupta, Naert, Rachlin, Saltzman Fox, 2017). The second difference is noted during the first trimester whereby the uterine artery Doppler is greater for small gestational babies who have preeclampsia than it is the case of intrauterine growth restricted babies, this difference is eminent as a result of basic placental anomalies that are spotted sporadically on first trimester uterine Doppler evaluation (Kvalvik, Haug Skjrven, 2017). References Gupta, S., Naert, M., Lam-Rachlin, Saltzman, D., Fox, N. (2017). 250: Outcomes in patients with early onset intrauterine growth restriction and a normal workup.American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology,216(1), S155. Lebrun, J. (2017). Chylothorax and intrauterine growth restriction following in utero exposure: case report.Reactions,1640, 330-25. Kvalvik, L. G., Haug, Skjrven, R. (2017).Maternal Smoking Status in Successive Pregnancies and Risk of Having a Small for Gestational Age Infant.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology,31(1), 21-28. Veglia, M., Cavallaro, A., Papageorghiou, A., Black, R., Impey, L. (2017). Small for Gestational Age Babies After 37 Weeks: An Impact Study of a Risk Stratification Protocol.Ultrasound in Obstetrics Gynecology 3(5) 34- 56

5 Ways to Stand Out In Any Interview

5 Ways to Stand Out In Any Interview Remember, you’re almost never the only person being interviewed for the job. The hiring manager doesn’t know how special and talented you are or what a good fit you’d be unless you show her. And remember, you’re not the only one trying to prove yourself. Here are 5 tips to make sure you give the best first impression possible.Dress for the Career You WantMost new interviewees fidget constantly, tugging at their ill-fitting business-wear. This is immediately distracting and will have an impact on your confidence- and the interviewer’s confidence in you. Get yourself a good suit that fits you and your style. If you think you look good, you’ll be able to relax and be yourself and focus on selling your abilities. Dress for the career you want, not necessarily the entry-level job you’re applying for!RELATED:Â  12 HUGE Job Interview Mistakes to AvoidResearch Every Detail About the JobSo many new interviewees come in blind, expecting to lear n everything they need to know about the job from the hiring manager. This does not inspire confidence in your abilities or initiative. Instead, make sure you research every detail that you can- about the company and especially about the position. That way, you can prepare to discuss how your particular background and prior experience make you the most excellent choice. Who knows, those years of babysitting or waiting tables might actually be excellent out-of-the-box qualifications that will help you stand out from the pack.Impress Hiring Manager with Your Social SkillsDon’t be a creeper, but it it’s not a bad idea to look around your interviewer’s office for little clues about their interests or hobbies. Maybe they’ve got a diploma from your alma mater- look for anything you an use to find some common ground. Just be sure they’re using their own office and you don’t end up complimenting someone else’s children!Be Smart about the Job You Are Interviewing ForWe’ve all been at the interview that feels like a coffee date. You yammer on for half an hour, but you hardly speak about the job. This can be a sign of good chemistry, but it can also be a trap. Some interviewers might be testing you to see whether you can keep control of the conversation. Try (politely!) steering things back to your eagerness to explain why exactly you’re the best fit for the position. You’ll be surprised how few of your peers are prepared to do the same.Prepare, prepare and prepareSo many young interviewees speak in one word or one sentence answers. Prepare a few example answers to questions you’re likely to be asked. Don’t turn your answers into a speech, but make sure that with every one, you’re demonstrating your intelligence and acuity and your suitability for the job. When in doubt, read your interviewer’s body language for signs of interest or boredom, and adjust accordingly.

Last Situation of Cyprus-2002 essays

Last Situation of Cyprus-2002 essays Cyprus, after so many years, is again in the news. International interest is alive again and hardly a week passes by without some personalities from one or another country visiting it. The interest is fully justified. After such a long interruption at long last the inter-communal talks have started again and since the 16th of January they are going on without interruption. President Clerides and President Denktash meet regularly, two or three times a week, and will continue doing so until some time in June. At the same time the E.U. accession process is reaching its final stages and it is expected that by December this year, Cyprus will be one of the countries to be invited to join the Union at the Copenhagen Summit. The truth is that accession to the EU offers a unique opportunity: it will make the solution of the Cyprus problem much easier to implement and will be of clear benefit to everybody involved. By far the most important contribution of the EU would be provided by its various institutions and Cypruss participation in them. Furthermore, Cypriots in the Union will come to understand, as for example the Germans or the Belgians have, that they can be loyal at the same time to their community, federated state, nation and EU as a whole. Another very important advantage of a solution, prior to accession, is that any agreement between the two communities will be enshrined in the Accession Treaty and will thus provide the best guarantee possible to both communities that what has been agreed is final and has to be implemented. With a solution the Turkish Cypriot community will be harmonized with the Greek Cypriot Community within a short period of time, probably not more than few years, there will be no noticeable difference in the standards of living between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. This will be made possible partly by the large special assistance that the EU is ready to provide. Already, it has announced 206 m...

The Effect of Culture in the International Collaboration Essay

The Effect of Culture in the International Collaboration - Essay Example According to the research findings, there are different types of collaborations used by organizations around the world. The choice of the type of collaboration that organizations choose, as put by Shaughnessy, depends on the various factors such as the nature of the project they want to undertake, the objectives of the parties, the risks involved and the scale of operations. There are five main types of collaborations used by organizations in the modern world, informal agreements, strategic alliances, strategic partnerships, joint ventures as well as revenue and risk sharing partnerships. These are informal agreements characterized by the employment of little legal structures. They mostly involve verbal agreements between the boards of management of the two parties and usually, involve short-term agreements in projects that will last for a short period. Here, the number of risks faced by the members is reasonably low and thus, the establishment of the agreements base on mutual trust between the parties involved. However, in some conditions, very long lasting collaborations and joint business operations can operate in this manner. This type of collaboration involves organizations that lack any substantial degree of ownership and work jointly to gain mutual benefit in a strategically important relationship. Being mere relationships rather than specific inter-organizational structures, strategic alliances lack a well-defined legal form. The alliances align suitably, to the goals and objectives of the organizations involved. In strategic alliances, the partners preserve their autonomy but there is an existence of mutual dependency that aims at pooling their resources together and assist each other in dealing with the challenges posed by the market.

Collaborative Knowledge Management Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Collaborative Knowledge Management Tools - Essay Example For instance, a construction project management faced with an increasing case of problems and pressure such as costs, quantity, quality, labor among others, need proper project and design managers who would be analyzing large number of data when making crucial decision. It also focusses on integration, creation and dispersals of knowledge into the concerned society, where solution created is put forward by these collaborative techniques arising from proper management of technical knowhow or rather creativity (Dean, et al., 2010). Inter-connected problems which come from creative collaborative knowledge processes are captured and shared in such a way that they are managed sufficiently to achieve the desired aims and objectives. This means generally that whatever the objective of an operational firm, clinic or project, proper management of their used skills in a collaborative manner is no doubt necessary to ensure these objectives are achieved optimally (Antonino & Ronaldo, 2010). The management of a firm should embrace collaborative knowledge management tools in all levels of administration. This ensures that time and cost of decision making within the firm is saved and thus increases its profitability. It also enables easy flow of communication and skills among employees which results to improved productivity and work

Effects of Welfare Reform

Effects of Welfare Reform Kelsey Campbell Imagine being a single parent having six kids and being able to only afford a two bedroom apartment. While working two jobs just to pay bills, put food on the table, and keep the kids off the streets. Any of the kids school events are missed to pick up extra shifts for that extra dollar. Then one day someone suggests applying for Welfare benefits but what about the kids? What about their image at school? What would their friends think of them? What about the change in lifestyles? What would people think about one using the government for money? While doing some research at the library about Welfare something pops up about Welfare Reform, but what is that? Welfare Reform is when one is given a specific job by the government to complete that must be preformed to receive the welfare benefits. While continuing Welfare Reform research one discovers that with Reform benefits you can also receive money for housing, day cares, and childhood education. Now with Welfare Reform benefits one is able to work only one job while affording a household, groceries, and still yet make it to school functions to see the kids without anyone ever knowing you receive these benefits, also helping keep childrens self-esteem up and keeping the kids from feeling poor.ÂÂ   Welfare Reform greatly affects families through working parents, home care of children, and education upon children. The effects of families on Welfare Reform are through the working parents. Working parents spend their days off at work so they can tend to worry those responsibilities instead of spending quality times with their kids and family which can leave the children unsupervised while parents are away. Although the kids can suffer from the working parent, the working parent also provides the money to pay bills and support the kids. This gives the kids more money through the working parent. Also the working parent through Welfare Reform can receive health care benefits to not only protect the kids but keep them healthy. According to Brandwein the ties that bind Those with reform jobs have a better welfare benefits and better exemption options(Brandwein P32). Those who do reform over welfare accept the responsibility of an acquired job. This job is not an option and must be preformed. The better your job is the less welfare you need to receive with less welfare comes better jobs the more advan ced the job is the further youll go to achieve success with health care and insurance, this will lead to a greater extent of socially advanced and happier children. ÂÂ  While parents are a main focus on how children receive money and how children are brought up, they are also the main source of where the child lives and grows. The care effect of children depends on how children are raised. Children who grow up in foster homes are homeless and parentless. Minors without biological parents or guardians tend to feel unloved, unwanted and worthless. While foster homes are run by the government, the more kids in the system the more money the foster home receives, which also changes with foster childrens age. According to Craig foster care and welfare; Foster parents receive federal money to care for children this makes foster children tax less and foster parents tax free (Craig P124). Not only does foster care effect children whose parents use welfare but adoption can affect children if parents are on welfare. Adoption is a forever home for a child; those on welfare can adopt and dont have restrictions to adopting. Kids who enter a home on welfa re from adoption can lack the feeling of comfort and love. Similarly to how parents are an effect on childhood homes, childhood homes effect what kind of care and education children receive. The care effect of children depends on how children are developed through life. As a child grows up they may be put in day care for parents to work they may be home with a stay at home parent but schooling is inevitable, eventually a child begins school. Neither Child care nor education is cheap, according to Lowry expanding federal responsibilities, the average price to put a child through day care 5 days a week 12 months a year is about $10,000 a year while the average price to put a child through public school is close to $16,000. While on welfare reform you can receive free child care and reduced education to preform jobs, but if a job isnt preformed then child care benefits are lost (Lowry P166). This is an important citation because it proves just how expensive it to just bring children up properly.ÂÂ   Your education makes a different in what you can do in life so an education is an important part of a Childs life; a poorer education makes a poorer future. Children who come up from poorer schools receive a poorer education also making it harder to excel in higher courses at higher age levels of different schools. In conclusion, Welfare Reform has affected many families throughout the working parent, home care of children, and the education skills upon children. Throughout this paper I have explained to you the struggles of a family using Welfare reform and the benefits of a family using Welfare Reform. Remember back to the first paragraph and what parents have to do to provide for child, the struggle to feed, bath, and house children on a low income without help. Now recap on paragraph two, in this paragraph I explained the struggles on foster care and adoption homes that dont use Welfare Reform, and then what positive effects they get through using Welfare Reform; Such as having tax less children in foster care to help reduce tax for foster parents. Last we will review paragraph three, in this paragraph I explained the struggle to put children through day care or schooling with a low income without Welfare Reform, and then I proceeded to explain what benefits Welfare Reform has to help with child/day care and a childhood education. Works Cited Brandwein, Ruth A. The Ties That Bind. Battered Women, Children, and Welfare Reform, edited by Ruth A. Brandwein, SAGE Publications International Educational and Professional Publishers,1999, pp.54-63. McCuen, Gary. Expanding Federal Responsibilities. Welfare Reform; the Politics of Wealth and Poverty. edited by Marcia R. Lowry, Gary E. McCuen Publications Inc,1996, pp.128-139. McCuen, Gary. Foster Care and Welfare. Welfare Reform; the Politics of Wealth and Poverty. edited by Conna Craig, Gary E. McCuen publications Inc,1996, pp. 121-127.

Military Justice System in the United States Essay -- Law

When one joins the United States military, one becomes subject to a completely new justice system. While the primary purpose of the United States justice system is to dispense "justice," that is not the primary reason for the creation of a separate justice system for America's Armed Forces. The primary purpose of the military's system is to provide the military commander with necessary tools to enforce good order and discipline. That's why, for example, it's not considered a "crime" to be late for work at your civilian job, but it is a "crime" to be late for work in the Military. The purpose then is to keep soldiers acting as soldiers so the correctional philosophy in the military has evolved in such a way to do just that. In discussing the UCMJ and corrections, the following topics are significant. Introduction and History of the UCMJ Counseling and Corrective Training Non-Judicial punishment in the UCMJ Courts Martial in the UCMJ Introduction and History of the UCMJ The Uniform Code of Military Justice is a federal system of laws created by congress in 1950. The UCMJ replaces the Articles of War that had been the justice system since 1789. The UCMJ is the foundation for justice in the United States Military. The UCMJ has had several major revisions to keep with the times; two such revisions came in 1968, and 1983. The UCMJ may also be referred to as United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle A, Part II, Chapter 47. The Uniform Code of Military Justice otherwise known as the UCMJ exists to keep disciplne and order in the military. (Powers, Military Justice 101) The UCMJ resembles civilian laws in many ways. It has laws that address stealing, burglary, alcohol, and many others a kin to civilian laws. The di... ...nt behavior in the military. References Department of the Army. (2002) AR 21-10 Military Justice. Washington D.C.: United States Army Publishing Authority. Department of the Army. (1992) FM 21-1 Legal Guide For Commanders. Washington D.C.: United States Army Publishing Authority. Department of the Army. (2002) Manual for Courts-Martial. Washington D.C.: United States Army Publishing Authority. Powers, R. (n.d.). Nonjudicial Punishment. Retrieved February 13, 2005, from http://usmilitary.about.com/od/justicelawlegislation/a/article15_1.htm Powers, R. (n.d.). Military Justice 101. Retrieved February 13, 2005, from http://usmilitary.about.com/od/justicelawlegislation/a/miljustice.htm

Motivation-Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg Two Factor

I intend to explore Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg two factory theories and indentify the key differences that exist between them, and explain how they can be applied by managers to motivate staff. Both are examples of content theories, a content theory is one where â€Å"we can attribute a similar set of needs to all individuals† ( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 193) Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is essentially based on a pyramid depicting the different types of needs that one has. At the bottom of the hierarchy are the physiological needs, these are the subsistence needs that one needs to survive such as food, warmth clothing and shelter.The next stage up from there is the security needs, this is concerned with the need that humans have of feeling safe and away from danger. Progressing from there is the social needs, this focuses on the needs of â€Å"giving and receiving affliativeness, belonging and love† (Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 195). Above that y ou have the self-esteem needs which are meeting the needs that one has for â€Å"achievement, independence and freedom†( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005, pg 195). Finally at the top are self-actualisation needs, which relates to the need of one being able to fulfil his or her full potential.If all prior needs before this stage are satisfied this can prove to be an influential source of our motivation as made evident by â€Å"Maslow contends that if we have met the other four basic needs, the need for self-actualization is ‘potent' enough to serve as our primary motivator for all behavior†. ( Oleson, 2004). The theory therefore suggests that we are first motivated by our basic needs, once this is achieved, our behaviour is focused on satisfying our safety needs, once this is achieved we look to fulfil our esteem needs, and so on and so forth.Showing that once one level is achieved, it will have little influence in motivating us, but rather it would be the above stage in the pyramid. Therefore indicating it would not be sufficient for managers just to pay employees to motivate them, as employees who have satisfied their physiological needs, they would be seeking to achieve their safety needs, from there they would be looking to satisfy social needs and so on, implying that employees would be continuously looking to fulfil more and more of their needs, â€Å"this means that employers can never do too much. Employers should strive to create opportunities for employees to satisfy as many of the needs from the pyramid as possible. For example for employees to satisfy their social needs, employers may wish to introduce more frequent group projects, or organise sports activities. To cater for the esteem needs managers may consider delegating authority to them, as this would reflect that they have faith in the competency of the worker, alternatively managers can provide the employee with the opportunity to develop their skills or qualification via trainin g at the expense of the firm, this would make the employee feel valued.Managers can use Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, to indentify which needs believe they are satisfying and this would help managers to determine which needs are yet to be satisfied, and these unfulfilled needs will become the motivator. I will now begin to discuss Herzberg’s two factor theory which was developed through interviewing 200 accountants and engineers. The theory implies that â€Å"that humans have two different sets of needs and that the different elements of the work situation satisfies or dissatisfies these needs†. ( Anderson, Gudmundson, Lundberg, 2008).The first element is referred to as the hygiene factors and relate to the â€Å"working conditions, salary, job security, company policy, supervisors and interpersonal relations† ( Fincham and Rhodes, 2005). Herzberg claimed if these factors were absent it would lead to dissatisfaction, but the mere existence of such conditio ns would not lead to increased motivation. Whereas the most intrinsic aspects of work that led to recognition, achievement and advancement were discovered to be the sources of employee satisfaction, and as such were referred to as motivators.This indicates that satisfaction and dissatisfaction arises through two different aspects of the job, one mainly concerning the work conditions, and the other the actual job itself. The theory differs to that of Maslow’s as it does not recognise pay as being a motivator but rather a hygiene factor. This means that managers who are to implement the teachings under this model should not use high salaries as a means of them trying to stimulate motivation, but should rather improve the intrinsic aspects of the job in order to enable an individual to satisfy needs of achievement, recognition etc.However, I mentioned before that the theory was established through the responses of accountants and engineers, both are well renowned and well paid m iddle class posts, meaning that under Maslow’s hierarchy of needs their basic are already likely to be fulfilled hence there is no real surprise why this did not appear as a motivator, and therefore does not contradict Maslow’s theory but rather reinforces it. A ifferent outcome may have occurred if Herzberg used professions that are not so well paid to the extent where it would be difficult for one to satisfy basic needs, such as workers in less economically developed countries that are subject to exploitation. Social needs which appear in the middle of Maslow’s hierarchy are only referred to as hygiene factors, therefore highlighting a difference of opinion between the two theories.This would be reflected in the actions taken by managers to motivate employees. Managers who are to follow the two factor theory may try and ensure that the employees are exposed to an environment where workers can socialise, as failing to do this would lead to dissatisfaction.Where as in the case for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs managers would perceive the fulfilment of social needs to act as a motivator, and therefore they may put a greater emphasis on trying to achieve this through frequent group projects, outings, and sports activities, when compared to Herzberg’s theory. What Herzberg has referred to as motivators do coincide with the self-esteem needs under Maslow, considering that they are both satisfied by common conditions such as achievement and recognition.As a result of these findings from both theories, there seems to be fairly strong evidence to suggest that employees gain a greater a deal of satisfaction from the intrinsic aspects of the job, as this is what ultimately leads to feelings of achievement, which seems to be a source through which employees gain motivation from both theories, therefore, suggesting that an effective tactic that managers can use to incite motivation within employees is to change the nature of their roles so as to incorporate opportunities where they can gain senses of achievement.This can perhaps be achieved by challenging employees, recognising their good work via reward such as promotion. Having analysed both theories, I have discovered that there are both similarities and differences between them. For example both theories assume that individuals have the same set of needs, and they also recognise that if the higher level psychological needs are satisfied such as achievement, recognition, employees would become motivated. However, where the two theories differ are with the issue of hygiene and motivators.Maslow’s hierarchy effectively perceives all levels of the pyramid as the sources of motivation if they are yet to be fulfilled, whereas Herzberg made the distinction between sources of dissatisfaction and motivation. This theory may make managers reconsider their subordinate’s job structure particularly when their ambition is to motivate staff. Under Herzberg work co nditions would not constitute as a motivator this is contrary to Maslow’s hierarchy which recognises that pay and the need to feel safe do act as sources motivation.This shows how the behaviour of managers may be different when following either of the theories. Inciting motivation from employees requires constant effort, Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs stresses that once a level is achieved the influence of that level on our motivation diminished, and if we focus on the two factor theory we would also come to realise that for employees to become motivated i. e. through satisfying senses of advancement, recognition etc, managers would therefore have to continuously seek ways of adapting the intrinsic aspects of the job to cater for such needs to be fulfilled.References Anderson T. D, Gudmundson A, Lundberg C. (2009). ‘Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of work motivation tested empirically on seasonal workers in hospitality and tourism’ Tourism Management. Volume 30 Issue 6, pages 890-899. Fincham, R. and Rhodes, P. (2005). Principles of Organizational Behaviour. New York: Oxford University Press Oleson, M. (2004). ‘Exploring the relationship between money attitudes and Maslow's hierarchy of needs’ International Journal Of consumer studies, Volume 28, pages 83-92.

Universal Symbolism in Things Fall Apart Essay - 1178 Words

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a novel written to highlight the intriguing lives and misconceptions that are often identified with African culture. Achebe writes Things Fall Apart from the African view, a foreign perspective that sees westerners as the outsiders and Africans as the insiders. Focusing on a clan in lower Nigeria, Achebe profiles the clash of cultures that erupts when white Christians colonize and spread their religious ideals. Achebe is able to make his book so popular to the entire world because of his expert use of symbols like drums, locusts, and fire. These common symbols in which drums represent the beat of all civilization, locusts represent invasion by an outsider, and fire represents destruction, all aid†¦show more content†¦As the novel progresses and focuses more on Okonkwo’s exile, and the Europeans arrival, drums are used less frequently. This reduction symbolizes the loss of culture that Umuofia gradually experiences due to outsi de forces. Because drums are universally known for celebration and culture, Achebe uses this symbol to better connect with his readers and to establish his story on humanity. While drums represent the culture of the African clan, Achebe also begins to incorporate the symbol of locusts, which represent the white men coming. Achebe commonly uses the symbol of locusts to represent and foreshadow the white men coming, and the clash of opposing cultures that takes place. When the locusts arrive in Umuofia the entire clan is full of joy because locusts are delicious to eat, however bad for the crops. Though they arrived after the harvest season had ended, this positive and negative parallel represents the same questions that are asked when colonizers arrive to the society. When the locusts first arrive in Umuofia, Achebe explains, â€Å"the locusts did descend. They settled on every tree on every blade of grass; they settled on the roofs and covered the bare ground. Mighty tree branches broke away under them† (129). The repetition ofShow MoreRelated Jane Eyre, the Cinderella Copy Essay589 Words   |  3 Pagestogether, separate under unfortunate circumstances, meet again, and live happily ever after. Jane and Mr. Rochester follow this pattern almost precisely. They fall in love somewhat simila r to the way Cinderella and her prince: reluctant at first, then extremely passionate. After separating, each sort out his and her desires and reason after being apart then proceed to find each other. Jane finds Rochester rather than the prince looking for Cinderella, but the emotional evolution and plot is the same. AlsoRead MoreThings Fall Apart And Haroun And The Sea Of Stories1334 Words   |  6 Pages Faced with the necessity to establish their works to a vast universal readership, African authors are imposed to connect their worldviews in English which frequently does not fully express African culture and society. 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Hesiod’sRead MoreSymbolism, Use Of Color, And Themes Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1657 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism, Use of Color, and Themes in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is regarded as the first symbolic novel in American Literature for Nathaniel Hawthorne s skillful use of symbolism and allegory. The novel is also said to be the greatest accomplishment of American short story and is viewed as the first American psychological novel, which makes Hawthorne win an incomparable position in American Literature. Hawthorne’s â€Å"unique gift† for using this kind of skills taps into the roots of manRead MoreThe Battle of Adolescence in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger740 Words   |  3 Pagesinto the adult world. In J.D. Salinger’s classic American novel, The Catcher in the Rye, the main character Holden, is a downhearted teenage boy used by Salinger in order to portray universal themes to the reader including isolation, loss of innocence, and the phoniness of the adult world. Through Salinger’s use of symbolism, the reader is able to ponder Holden and his struggles as he embarks into adulthood in order to come to a deeper understanding of the themes Salinger’s symbols represent. One ofRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor1655 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause every person goes through different experiences. Thus, these experiences affect his or her viewpoint and in turn flaw ones view on a good man. O’Connor conveys this theme through her excellent use of diction, imagery, foreshadowing, and symbolism as well as through a creative use of repetition and an omniscient point of view. The grandmother, the main character of the story, is manipulative. Her definition of a ‘good man’ refers to the characteristics that a ‘good man’ should possess. SheRead MoreGautama Buddha1275 Words   |  6 Pagesholy day for those apart of Theravada Buddhism and also important for the insight meditation movement. Wesak is the celebration of the three days significant to the Buddha’s life first was his birth, the second his enlightenment (nirvana) and the third his death (Parinirvana). The date of Wesak varies and is very important and significant as it relies on the lunar calendar, it is usually falls on a full moon of the 5th or 6th lunar month. Wesak on the Gregorian calendar usually falls in April or MayRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause every person goes through different experiences. Thus, these experiences affect his or her viewpoint and in turn flaw ones view on a good man. O’Connor conveys this theme through her excellent use of diction, imagery, foreshadowing, and symbolism as well as through a creative use of repetition and an omniscient point of view. The grandmother, the main character of the story, is manipulative. Her definition of a ‘good man’ refers to the characteristics that a ‘good man’ should possess. SheRead MoreThe National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesall persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination†. During this time, African-Americans were denied several basic constitutional rights. Throughout the Civil Right Movement, as black people began to gain rights, the NAACP began to fall into oblivion. For several years there after, very little news was documented about their contributions to any minority community. The organization reestablished its mission in the late 20th century by focusing on more current issue such as policeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Road 1527 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who were kept in a cellar, the underground safe-house with stocked up food and other essential supplies, and the ship whe re they found supplies. 6. Importance of this setting (consider ideas/beliefs indicative of the time and possible symbolism): The father and son found the important places when they were starving. They would be on the brink of death and then they would find the places with the supplies they needed. This could symbolize the human response to near death situations by trying

State Control and Public Control of Business - 2476 Words

1)Historical perspective on public control of business. 2)Constitutional framework of state control of business. What is business? †¢ The buying or selling of goods/services/activity of making money. However, the term is too vague. †¢ According to F.C Hooper: â€Å"business means a whole complex field of commerce and industry, the basic industries, processing and manufacturing industries and the network of ancillary services, distribution, banking, insurance, transport and so on, which serve and inter-penetrate the world of business as a whole† What is business environment? †¢ It can be defined as the total surrounding, which have direct or indirect bearing on the functioning of business. OR †¢ The set of external factors(social, political,†¦show more content†¦Elements Several elements are required in making the policies by the government. Many factors/inputs influence the development of public policy by the government. Government may determine its course of action on the basis of various factors such as economic and foreign policy concerns, technical information etc. All these factors can help shape what the government chooses to do and how it chooses to do it. Public policy goals can be ideal and oriented or narrow and selfserving. National values such as freedom, democracy and equal distribution of income and wealth to share in economic prosperity have led to the adoption of civil rights law and assistance programs for the weaker sections of the society. Narrow, self-serving goals are more evident when nations decide how tax legislations will allocate the burden of taxes among various interest and income groups. Public policy may vary but are very important to inquire whether it serves the citizens of the country whose welfare it intends to serve. Various mechanisms/instruments are being used by the government to realize their policies. In general these instruments are combinations of incentives and disincentives that government uses to prompt citizens , including the businesses to act in ways that achieve policy goals. Public policy actions always have results. Some are intended others are unintended. SinceShow MoreRelatedBusiness Operations: Financial Issues1854 Words   |  7 Pages Business operations: Financial issues Introduction The problem to be investigated was the outcome of the ethical dilemma that occurred within the business circle leading to the violation of financial regulations and consequently eroded the confidence of shareholders on the U.S capital market. Examples of the violation of financial regulations were Enron, WorldCom and Lehman Brothers scandals that led to the collapse of the three companies. To restore the public confidence of the U.S capitalRead MoreEssay on Inflation and Absolute Power715 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the years the government has gained complete control over money and its development. The government wanted control because it believes that it is easier to acquire monetary assets if they have the control over all money and, at the same time, eliminate the middle-man of trade. With the ever growing population the government came up with a way to counterfeit money to keep up with the demand of money. This counterfeiting of money created inflation. Inflation happens when there is moreRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 Pageswith rapid industrialization in the 19th Century by bettering society through governmental, business, and social reform. Reform of government, which had become increasingly corrupt through political machines and special interest groups, was one focus of the progressive movement. 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(ii) Controls and licensing system:  The system of controls, permits, quotas and licenses which are associated with misdistributions of the commodities in short supply results in the generation of black money. The Wanchoo Committee explaining this factor as a source of black money observed, â€Å"In spite of the vigilance exercised by the Government, controls and regulations came to be used by the unscrupulous for amassing money forRead MoreThe American Public Policy Process966 Words   |  4 PagesThe American public policy process is a system that consists of laws, regulatory measures, action items, and funding priorities controlled by the elected representatives. The public policy process system that is in place within the federal government was developed within the framework of the United States Constitution and those with special interests. Within the current system of policy process utilized by the federal government America’s affluent community holds the greatest in terests. 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Entrepreneurship - 4156 Words

Entrepreneurship Challenges in 21st. Century | | What is Entrepreneurship? The definition of entrepreneurship has been debated among scholars, educators, researchers, and policy makers since the concept was first established in the early 1700’s. The term â€Å"entrepreneurship† comes from the French verb â€Å"entreprendre† and the German word â€Å"unternehmen†, both means to â€Å"undertake†. Bygrave and Hofer in1891 defined the entrepreneurial process as ‘involving all the functions, activities, and actions associated with perceiving of opportunities and creation of organizations to pursue them’. Joseph Schumpeter introduced the modern definition of ‘entrepreneurship’ in 1934. According to Schumpeter, â€Å"the carrying out of new combinations we call†¦show more content†¦Although many current theories on entrepreneurship agree that there is an inherent component of risk, the risk-bearer theory alone cannot explain why some individuals become entrepreneurs while others do not. Thus, i n order to build a development model of entrepreneurship it is necessary to look at some of the other characteristics that help explain why some people are entrepreneurs; risk may be a factor, but it is not the only one. Modern school of thought claims that the role of the entrepreneur is that of an innovator; however, the definition of innovation is still widely debatable. Kirzner suggests that the process of innovation is actually of spontaneous â€Å"undeliberate learning†. Thus, the necessary characteristics of the entrepreneur is alertness, and no intrinsic skills-other than that of recognizing opportunities-are necessary. Other school of economists claims that entrepreneurs have special skills that enable them to participate in the process of innovation. Leibenstein claims that the dominant, necessary characteristics of entrepreneurs is that they are gap-fillers i.e. they have the ability to perceive where market fails and to develop new goods or processes that he market demands but which are not currently being supplied. Thus, entrepreneurs have the special ability to connect different markets and make up for market failures and deficiencies. Though the idea that entrepreneurs are innovators is largely acceptable, itShow MoreRelatedEntrepreneurship1111 Words   |  5 PagesEntrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur or one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred as Startup Company); however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include socialRead MoreEntrepreneurship1326 Words   |  6 Pages‘Critically evaluate the key theoretical developments of the term Entrepreneurship’. Student Name : Jonalee B. Magtoto Student ID : 1009007374 Matriculation No: 20037830 Date: June 13th 2013 Word Count : 2,091 words Introduction: Entrepreneurship as a lot of meaning but for me it divided into two separate fundamental, the first part debate high involveRead MoreEntrepreneurship1228 Words   |  5 Pagesthat has the right of control is hired from the owner. Page 2 of 4 Similarities and differences between a manager, a business owner and an entrepreneur By Henry Amm Modern approaches like ‘corporate entrepreneurship’ try to overcome those boundaries by incorporating advantages of entrepreneurship into common management. Companies try to facilitate diversification with internal development workshops. That makes activities necessary, in areas that are usually only loosely related to the current ‘domain’Read MoreEntrepreneurship4409 Words   |  18 Pages1 LESSON- 1 ENTREPRENEUR AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Dr. Jyotsna Sethi STRUCTURE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Entrepreneurship as a Career Option 1.3 Concepts and Definitions 1.3.1 Entrepreneur 1.3.2 Entrepreneurship 1.3.3 Enterprise 1.3.4 Difference between Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship 1.4 Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development 1.4.1 Entrepreneurship and Economic Development 1.4.2Entrepreneurship and Education 1.5 FunctionsRead MoreEntrepreneurship1106 Words   |  5 Pagesenterprise without undermining his/her relationship. In this last case a good entrepreneur should be free from personal commitment, at first, at least, because his/her work, or his/her relationship, could be compromised. Q2: Inc. Magazine claims, â€Å"Entrepreneurship is more mundane than it’s sometimes portrayed †¦ you don’t need to be a person of mythical proportions to be very, very successful in building a company.† Do you agree? Explain. 2. I don’t agree with the sentence above; I think that a temporaryRead MoreEntrepreneurship Should Be Aware At The World Of Entrepreneurship Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesPROVIDED MANY OPPORTUNITIES ANYONE PLANNING TO ENTER THE WORLD OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP SHOULD BE AWARE OF ITS POTENTIAL DRAWBACKS Introduction:- Entrepreneurship is defined as the practice of beginning a new trade or reviving an existing business, for capitalizing on fresh opportunities. The statement were analyzing today is all about entrepreneurship. The author here is trying to explain that like every coin has two sides, entrepreneurship also has benefits and drawbacks. Every year the number of peopleRead Moreentrepreneurship2937 Words   |  12 PagesSCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT COVER SHEET Student Name Navpreet Kaur Student ID S265457 Assessment Title Case Study 1 Unit Number and Title PRT503 Entrepreneurship for Professionals Lecturer/Tutor Mr. Jamal El-Den Date Submitted 07 August 2014 Date Received OFFICE USE ONLY KEEP A COPY Please be sure to make a copy of your work. If you have submitted assessment work electronically make sure you have a backup copy. PLAGIARISM PlagiarismRead MoreThe Concept Of An Entrepreneurship1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of an entrepreneurship is a commonly argued point, with several definitions given by many different people. 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Critical Period Hypothesis and Acquisition of Language - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critical Period Hypothesis and Acquisition of Language. Answer: The process by which the humans acquire the ability to understand and form a sense of a coherent language structure is known as language acquisition, through this process the human beings create and use the wordsto make sentences to communicate with others.Language acquisition most commonly refers tothe acquisition of first language, which deals with the study of the infants and their acquisition of their respective native language. The acquisition of second language differs from the first language acquisition, it deals with the children or the adults learning other languages than native language. There are some theories about the acquisition and development of language in the humans one of which is the Critical Period Hypothesis theorized by Eric Lenneberg, the hypothesis states that there is a certain critical period in the development and acquisition of language in human beings and if that age is crossed then the individual faces certain problems in learning language. This essay w ill argue the importance of the critical age hypothesis in the development of language in humans. Genie started learning language when she was almost 14 years old, after she was discovered it was observed that she had almost no skill in language or proper communication skills. She did not have control over the organs of speech (Curtiss et al., 1974). After she was taught by the linguists and the psychologists her language acquisition showed that even after suffering from tragic isolation for a long period of time and absence of vocabulary or language, she started showing a bit of progress in phonology, she could pronounce several sound sequences while imitating them but she did not use spontaneous speech till five months into the research. She gained quite a bit of vocabulary as well but her grammar did not improve, she could combine two sentences for example cat hurt dog hurt as cat dog hurt but the there was no use of grammar. Her syntactic acquisition, was also much slower than any normal child (Curtiss et al., 1974). The language development of Genie was different from that of the normal children in several aspects. The phonological words were a lot different for Genie than the normal children, the early two syllable words that she spoke were not reduplicated which normal children did speak. She had no intonation and while the normal children learns nouns at first, Genie learned all the nouns pronouns and verbs but was not able to put it into coherent sentences. In the comprehension training she was unable to understand the word order and was also unable to understand passive sentences. She omitted the verbs, objects and subjects from the sentences. In case of negative sentences the words she was able to speak was the angry ones. She was able to say "stop it," "no more," "no," and her stock of negative words were very few (Curtiss et al., 1974). In case of interrogative sentences when she was asked a question she used to respond by repeating the last words of the sentence uttered by the speaker, also she was never able to use any interrogative questions. The study of ASL or American Sign Language is important to contribute to the study of Critical Period Hypothesis as the study of sign language with the deaf and dumb children more evidently proves that the ability of acquiring a language decreases with the increase in age of an individual (Newport, 1990). The three groups of participants in the Newport study were the Native, Early and Late Learners. Native learners who already had exposure to the ASL from their birth, they were raised by their deaf parents and had an idea about the language from a young age. The second were the Early learners who learned ASL after they were taught by their peers who were also deaf at the age of 4-6 (Newport, 1990). The third group comprised of Late learners the first time that they were exposed to ASL was with the help of their deaf peers, they were more than 12 years of age at the time they learned the language or during the period when the tests were conducted (Newport, 1990). The results of the first ASL study suggests that a wide range of studies shows that acquisition of language occurs successfully in the learners after they have overcome certain primary problems (Ron, 2015). The purpose of these experiments were to find out how the language acquisition was affected with the increase of age in the subjects and after the tests were complete it was found that the children who were taught the language at the age of 12 had a lot less improvement in the development of the language, while the children who had early exposure to ASL they showed far better response to the experiments. In case of syntactical and morphological competence an experiment was conducted on the subjects, they had to listen to a recording consisting 276 short and simple sentences and they were asked whether the sentences were correct or not (Newport, 1990). The test score showed that the children who had early exposure to the language were more able in determining which of the sentences were correct and which were wrong, thus proving that the effects of age of acquisition are effects of the maturational state of the learner (Granena, 2016). In the process of comparing both the case studies, the experiments conducted on Genie and the experiments conducted on the deaf children and ASL study proves that the claims made in the Critical Period Hypothesis are true (Mayberry Kluender, 2017). In case of Genie it was seen that although she made some progress in certain aspects of language acquisition yet she had various problems related to phonology, grammar acquisition and in forming interrogative sentence (Choubsaz Gheitury, 2017). Although she made progress the researchers were unable to comment on the extent of improvement of language acquisition process in the future. In the ASL experiments the results were almost similar, the children who had been exposed to the language in their early age they were able top the experiment results (Diaz, 2016). Both of the studies prove that to acquire a proper form of language the individuals are required to be exposed to their respective native languages from an early age (Strid, 2017) . To conclude, it can be said that the critical period hypothesis which says that from childhood throughout adolescence, this period of time is perfect and most suitable for the acquisition of first and even second language acquisition. The external and inter factors prevent the adults to acquire a new language at that age. Judging from both the experiments this statement can be said to be true that Critical Period Hypothesis holds paramount importance in the development of language in human beings. References Choubsaz, Y., Gheitury, A. (2017). Is semantics affected by missing a critical period? Evidence from the Persian deaf.Journal of psycholinguistic research,46(1), 77-88. Curtiss, S., Fromkin, V., Krashen, S., Rigler, D., Rigler, M. (1974). The linguistic development of Genie.Language, 528-554. Diaz, C. (2016). The critical period hypothesis. Granena, G. (2016). Part 1: Age Differences, Maturational Constraints, and Implicit and Explicit L2 Learning.Major Research Issues in SLA, 9. Mayberry, R. I., Kluender, R. (2017). Rethinking the critical period for language: New insights into an old question from American Sign Language.Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1-20. Newport, E. L. (1990). Maturational constraints on language learning.Cognitive science,14(1), 11-28. Ron, C. (2015). Relationship between the Phonetic Aspect of Second Language Acquisition and Age: Testing on the Critical Period Hypothesis in a Selected Function of Language.The annals of Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University. Faculty of Foreign Languages,54, 15-28. Strid, J. E. (2017). The Myth of the Critical Period.TESOL Journal,8(3), 700-715.

Nestle Coursework free essay sample

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This coursework basically is an analysis of the NESTLE MAGGI NOODLES and the various strategic issues associated with it. The analysis is done in five parts which help us in implementing our company’s future strategy. The first part basically briefs us about the external environment of the noodles industry by analysing various models like the porters five forces, pest analysis, product life cycle, Environment basics, competitive analysis key success factors, segmentation target and positioning and the major opportunities and threats facing the company from other companies. The second part talks about the company internal performance which helps us in gaining a competitive advantage in the Noodles Industry. It basically talks about the Nestle’s activities associated with its human resource marketing and sales department, service sector, its R D team, infrastructure set up, procurement policy and also the inbound and out bound logistics. It also analyses the company’s ratio in order to know its growth rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Nestle Coursework or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third part basically gives recommendation regarding the future strategy which the company should be adopting at SBU and corporate level by analysing the generic strategic option, expansion method matrix and the growth share matrix. The fourth part is basically our suggestions to the various changes needed regarding the implementation of different policies, structures in the company in order to overcome our main strategic issue. The last part basically talks about the advantages and disadvantages of the various models used in the entire coursework. INTRODUCTION Maggi 2 minutes a noodle is a very famous brand of Nestle India was introduced in 1982 and is most popular instant amongst the noodle lovers as it has the highest consumption rate as compared to other noodles brands in the country and also its easy affordability has added to it success in the Indian market. At present it is offered in 6 different flavours which are, Masala, Tricky tomato, romantic capsica, and thrill in curry, chicken and Atta noodles. Besides Maggi noodles other products are also available under the MAGGI brand which have helped in increasing its popularity as well known FMCG food product. EXTERNAL ENVIORNMENT ANALYSIS SUCCESS KEY FACTORS COMPETITOR ANAYSIS PORTERS FIVE FORCES NESTLE MAGGI NOODLES INDUSTRY LIFE CYCLE ZZZZ ENVIORNMENT BASICS PESTLE ANALYSIS PEST ANALYSIS: 1. POLITICAL ANALYSIS: Government has laid down strict restrictions regarding advertisement of junk food for children under the age of 16 as per the foodstuff act in 2007. 2. ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS: Rise in the prices of raw material like salt Maida, manufacturing costs as well as the packaging costs is a major economic crisis facing the food industry due to more demand and less supply of the agricultural commodities. . SOCIAL ANALYSIS: People are becoming health conscious and with the changing lifestyle there is an increase in the demand for quick and easy to cook food products. 4. TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: NESTLE makes use of leveraging superior technology in order to provide customers with high quality products. Nestle gets technology under the general licence agreement from the nestle group for satisfyi ng innovation and reformation. Nestle makes use of gene technology in manufacturing food products like noodles. KEY SUCCESS FACTORS: 1. Maggi was the first to be introduced in the instant noodle segment in 1982 therefore it has the first mover advantage as compared to the other brands of noodles. 2. It showed continuous changes with regard to its themes and the flavours since 1982 and has also repositioned itself as a healthy snack from 2 minute noodle. 3. Maggi is a much localized brand as it never adopted English tag line unlike its competitors so Indian people prefer it over the other brands. 4. Another key success factor for the Maggi noodles is that it is available in food stores whether urban or local unlike the other brands. ENVIORNMENT BASICS: MARKET SHARE: The brand Maggi has 80% market share in nestle India as per the June 2010 quarter. MARKET GROWTH: The brand is enjoying 20% growth per anum as per the JUNE 2010 quarter. POTENTIAL ENTRANTS THREAT| INDUSTRY RIVARLY| SUPPLIERSBARGAINING POWER| BUYERSBARGAINING POWER| THREA OF SUBSTITUES| (LYNCH, 2003) PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL: 1. POWER OF SUPPLIERS: The bargaining power of suppliers is very low in the noodle industry because there are so many suppliers for the raw materials and the inputs used in manufacturing process. The suppliers are spread all over the country. 2. POWER OF BUYERS: The bargaining power is also very low in the noodle industry because there are so many noodle brands and all are of the same price almost with very little difference in the taste. 3. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES: The threat of substitutes in the noodle industry is very high because of variety of substitutes available in the market like soups with noodles called the soupy noodles, pastas, macaroni and other fast foods like pizzas burgers etc. 4. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANT: The threat of new entrants for Maggi is increasing because more and more FMCG companies are coming up with instant food products and also because there is not much capital requirement required for it. 5. COMPETITIVE RIVALRY: Level of competition is very high because different brands have different flavours and variety, packaging styles and the attractive advertisement COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS: The major competitors of MAGGI are ITS SUN FEAST YIPEE, GSK FOODLES, Nissin’s TOP RAMEN AND WIA WIA by Chaudharys. Top ramen which is the 2nd most top brand in noodle segment is trying to compete with Maggi since 18 years. In the market it was the first to innovate with cup noodles and is a market leader in it with 90% market share. Its strength is its cost effective technique and it weakness was its late entry into the market and non localization unlike maggi. Yippee plus point is that noodles can even be eaten after sometimes after being cooked whereas In case of Maggi they becomes sticky PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ANAYSIS: D B GROWTH C A 1983 1997 1999 2004 2009 2010 TIME When Maggi Noodles were introduced in 1983 they were at an introduction stage. In 1997 they reached the growth stage and in the year 2000 they experienced a decline in their sales but eventually there sales again started to grow for years since 2001 and reached a maturity stage by 2010. STPD ANALYSIS: Segmentation is done on the basis of changing lifestyle and the habits of the people residing in metro cities. Maggi noodles basically target the working women and the other office going people. However their main targets are the school going kids and the youngsters. It is positioned in the market with its â€Å"2 MINUTE NOODLE† AND â€Å"EASY TO COOK AND GOOD TO EAT† strategy and is differentiated in terms of its flavours, taste and its packaging style. OT ANALYSIS: 1. OPPORTUNITIES: Growing demand of instant noodles in the rural areas, increase in the likeness of the Indians towards Chinese food along with rise in the figure of working youngsters. . THREATS: There are many competitors in the market selling instant noodles with competitive prices for example TOP RAMEN costs Rs 8 in comparison to Maggi which is sold at Rs 10 INTERNAL ENVIORNMENT ANALYSIS VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS: HUMAN RESOURCE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVEELOPMENT PROCUREMENT INBOUND PRODUCTIVITY OUTBOUND MARKETING S ERVICES LOGISTICS LOGISTICS SALES (LYNCH, 2003) INFRASTRUCTURE: The Company has 7 factories located in different parts of he country like Moga in Punjab, Nanjangud in Karnataka, Choladi in Tamil Nadu samalkha in Haryana, Ponda and Bicholim in Goa and Pantnagar in Uttarakhand. Also it has 4 branch offices which are located at Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata with its head office situated in Gurgaon in Haryana. It has recently opened a new plant in Mysore which is its 8th plant and is planning for its 9th one in Himachal Pradesh. PROCUREMENT: The Company gets its equipments from the suppliers of automatic and instant noodles machine, packing machines, coating plants and food processing machines. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: Nestle has total of 29 research, development and technology centres all over the world. Nestle is planning to open its 30th research and development centre in India in Manesar, Haryana with an investment plan of 230 crore. It will start operating from July 2012 with a team of 40 scientists who will focus on decreasing nutritional insufficiency in India. HUMAN RESOUCE: The company’s HR policy aims at employing people with professional skills, personal attitude and a sense of commitment who possess values that match with the culture of organization for the long term sustainable growth of the company. The employees are considered as company’s valuable assets and are therefore trained rigorously through empowerment programmes. It has employed 250000 people till now which include farmers, suppliers of raw material, packaging, other goods and services. INBOUND LOGISTICS: The company gets its raw materials from Paras factory in Moga who is a supplier for spices. Maggi gets its other raw materials from manufactures of wheat flour, noodle powder, sugar, onion powder, palm oil and garlic powder, salt, hydrolysed peanut protein and citric acid. It buys all its raw materials in bulk quantity and stores them. PRODUCTIVITY: Maggi noodles are ISO certified and 14001:2004. It is following a lean manufacturing system. OUTBOUND LOGISTICS: From the factories the maggi noodles are straight sent to carry forward agencies which provide warehousing services and are located in different state. The CFA then send its over to wholesalers, exporters of instant noodles and the retailers as per the demand of the product. The main retail outlets are small grocery stores, general stores, big bazaar, spencers, reliance fresh, modern bazaar, Wal-Mart in big cities and Kirana shops in villages. MARKETING AND SALES: Nestle has done a lot of adds in television to promote the sales of maggi noodles firstly with tag lines like MUMMY BHOOK LAGI ‘BAS 2 MINS† and â€Å"FAST TO COOK AND EASY TO EAT†, secondly by making their ads adventurous and funny with famous characters like PANKAJ AND DAVID and then by focusing on â€Å"HEALTH AND NUTRITION† by introducing vegetable Atta noodles, Dal Atta, rice noodles and other flavours. In order to promote their sales they went to various offices and schools and held campaigns. They also came up with the scheme of free giving free packet of noodles to their customers on their return the shopkeepers the empty packet. This is the most important area which ads value to the product. SERVICES: Encase of any complaints regarding the product the consumers can directly visit the nestle consumer service centre in New Delhi or can email the service manger at [emailprotected] nestle. com . Besides that it provides certain services to the society by conducting education and training programs for village children near its factories, helping in public parks preservation and by assisting the provision of clean drinking water and blood donation camps. SW ANALYSIS: 1. STRENGHTS: its major strength is its brand loyalty and its market leader position. Also its new flavours, widely spread distribution channels all over the big cities and its impulsive advertising policy add to its success. 2. WEAKNESS: the major weakness associated with Maggi noodles is that it is considered as junk food due to its unhealthy ingredients. Another problem is that sales of maggi noodles rely only on its Masala flavour. RATIOS CHART: NESTLES YEARLY RATIOS | 2010| 2009| 1. GROSS PROFIT MARGIN| 18. 2%| 17. 58%| 2. RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED| 135| 160| 3. CURRENT RATIO| O. 63| 0. 0| 4. EARNING PER SHARE| 84. 91| 67. 94| RATIO ANLYSIS: The company’s gross profit margin which is calculated by gross profit/sales*100 is 18. 2% and 17. 58% respectively for the years 2010 and 2010. This means that there is an increase in the profits obtained by the company on selling the products before incurring any expenses in 2010 as compared to 2009. The return on capital employed of N ESTLE is 135 in 2010 and 160 in 2009 which is calculated by profit before interest and tax / total long term liabilities *100 which means that in 2009 the firm generated more return on its investment. The current ratio is 0. 6 in 2009 and 0. 63 in 2010 which means that the company has slightly more cash in hand in 2010. Also there is an increase in the EPS which is calculated by profits after tax and exceptional items/number of share issued, which was 84. 91 in 2010 and 67. 94 in 2009 means there is a greater return for the shareholders in 2010 . PRESENT STRATEGIES AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS Presently NESTLE is earning 44% of its income from milk maid products, 28% from cooking aid and readymade products and 14% from beverages. NESTLE is planning to increase the quality and range of its culinary products like MAGGI BHUNA MASAL. COCONUT MIX POWDER,PIZZA SAUCE,MAGIC CUBES, MAGGI SOUPS and ETC by investing more in them as compared to its other products like the MAGGI NOODLES, NESCAFE which are having a competitive edge over its other competitors in the market. Nestle should also adopt innovative marketing strategy in Oder to increase the sale of its certain products for example it can give its customers a free small maggi noodles packet with a big bottle of MAGGI TOMATOE KETCHUP. It should build up its distribution channels more and more in the rural areas by supplying the retailers and wholesalers with all the NESTLE products and not just specific one like Maggi noodles. The chairman of NESTLE is planning to launch new category of products in the Indian market keeping in mind the rising price of wheat, sugar and milk , the investment in the new products will thus help in decreasing the overall cost of production and in turn help the company in sustaining the operating margin. BUSINESS LEVEL STRATEGY OPTIONS 1. GENERIC STRATEGIC OPTION Competitive advantage COST LEADERSHIP| DIFFERENTIATION| FOCUS | Competitive scope (LYNCH, 2003) Presently maggi noodles is enjoying cost leadership position as it has a competitive edge over others but keeping in mind the growing demand for non vegetarian food in the Indian society and also due to more and more preference being given to the ready made products which are easy cook there is a instant need for variety which is the spice of life therefore our future strategy technique is to bring in DIFFERENTIATION in the maggi noodles by introducing new flavours of maggi for the NON VEGETARIANS like THAI CURRY NOODLES, SHRIMP FLAVOUR, EGG CURRY NOODLES, FISH CURRY NOODLES , TIRYAKI NOODLES and CHICKEN SAUTE NOODLES with small pieces of chicken in them in addition to the simple MAGGI CHICKEN NOODLES which is available in the shops at present. Maggi should also try to bring difference in the style of its packaging by making use of TETRA PACKS or PAPER BAGS which are more eco friendly then the plastic packaging. Also there can be different designs made on different flavours of maggi noodles for example we can have a fish drawn in the noodles on the pack for fish curry noodles and same packaging strategy for the vegetarian flavours. . MARKET OPTIONS MATRIX PRESENT NEW MARKET PENATRATION| PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT| MARKET DEVELOPMENT| DIVERSIFICATION| PRESENT NEW (LYNCH, 2003) According to the above matrix maggi noodles is currently following the market penetration strategy but our future strategy for the noodles will be PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT in order to make use of company’s surplus production capability, to avoid the entry of new competitors, to establish the organizations image as a product modernizer and basically in order to safeguard the market share of Nestle. We can do this by introducing more snacks under this category called maggi for example biscuits, wafers, roasted namkeens, jams and bread and also breakfast cereals like oats, corn flakes, muesli etc. 3. EXPANSION METHOD MATRIX COMPANY INSIDE OUTSIDE INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT| ALLIANCEMERGERFRANCHISEJOINT VENTURE| EXPORTINGGLOBAL OPERATIONSOVERSEAS OFFICE| MERGERACQUSITIONJOINT VENUTRETURKNKEY| HOMECOUNTRY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION INTERNATIONAL (LYNCH, 2003) The nestle is planning to export its maggi noodles specially the new non vegetarian flavours to countries like HONGKONG and Thailand ,Korea, Bahrain and Singapore where it is not very popular and plans to ensure its availability in the main supermarkets of these countries and not just the Indian stores . This step will also help to a great extent in increasing the market growth rate and the popularity of the maggi noodles all over the world also it will be available at almost the same price as in INDIA with a very slight margin in order to increase its sales and acquire market share in these Asian countries. . GROWTH SHARE MATRIX HIGH RELATIVE LOW RELATIVE MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARE STAR| PROBLEM CHILD| CASH COW| DOG| HIGH MARKET GROWTH RATE LOW MARKET GROWTH RATE (LYNCH, 2003) Nestle maggi noodles are currently CASH COW as the market growth rate is not very high for maggi at present although it has the highest market share in the noodles industry. The main reason is that it purchased repeatedly by the same consumers; there are no new consumers for the product. However our main focus is to become a star by increasing its nutritional content and replacing Maida with some high fibre content but which taste similar to it in order to increase its sales not only among the children and the youngsters but also among the middle and the old age group. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS OF NEW STATEGIES Nestle is adopting a selective implementation strategy because it wants to introduce new non vegetarian flavours under its Maggi noodles in Indian market and in some other countries as well. This implementation process is going to be very beneficial for our company because we don’t require separate production plants for this purpose as our main base product which are noodles will remain same but only difference is going to be there in the taste of masala which will be made separately for different flavours. Mainly we plan to have a small demarcation by have new manufacturing blocks in separate corners each of our existing factories where we can keep our non veg stock and also we will have a different assembly lines for veg and non veg Maggis basically this will help our company in achieving economies of scale. Also in order to achieve this aim it needs to ensure a high level of quality check because while manufacturing non vegetarian flavours one has to be very sure about certain factors relating to hygiene of the noodles so that it does not have an adverse impact on the health of the people therefore the company needs to have a new group of managers in all its factories which will only take care of the quality aspect of the product. Also as we plan to export our product to some Asian countries we plan to hire a team of sales managers in those countries who will be marketing our product out there but as we also want to ensure its sales at a less price for that purpose we will have to strong finance department who will manage the costs in an effective manner. For example at present in countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand etc it is available for 60 RS and is hardly purchased so we would be selling it at 30 RS by giving the consumers a 50% discount in order to increase our sales. Again Inoder to control our costs e will balance it by cutting on our advertising expenditure and instead of showing adds on Television we will have stalls in the malls not only in India but also in countries where we would be exporting our Maggi because in today’s date maximum crowd is found in such places, this will give our company dual advantage by increasing peoples awareness regarding the flavours and balancing our cos t budget, the stalls main function will be basically to make people taste the new and different flavours so that they know their choice which will then become easier for them to pick up from the stores and besides Maggi noodles will also sell some other culinary products of Maggi like the soups, sauces, pickles and other Maggi snacks. Managers of our factories in India will also build tie ups with the distributors in the export countries in order to ensure the availability of our Maggi noodles in the main supermarkets over there besides the few Indian stores where it is currently available. Other important things which our company needs is a new technological base for implementing changes in strategy of our deigns and packaging department for our packets by employing some new creative and technologists and by tying up with the new suppliers and dealers of paper material in place of plastic. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE TOOLS USED FOR ANALYSIS The reason I choose pest analysis is because it helps in estimating the political, social, environmental and technological factors that impacts our decision to choose a strategy as it makes us aware about our overall budget that is the cost of production that will be incurred during its manufacturing, also tells us whether our food product is in demand or not and is consumed by which particular segment of the population. We also get an idea regarding how feasible it is for the firm to export and import the food product and what are the various restriction and regulations imposed on it by the government. It also helps us in deciding our base for RD activities. It gives us an overall knowledge about an FMCG INDUSTRY’S external environment at the same time it very disadvantageneous for the organization due to the instant changes taking place in our society and also a large collection of data makes it a complex situation for the company to do the analysis. The second most important tool is the value chain analysis which defines the company’s core competencies and with the help of these activities the firm can gain competitive advantage by increasing the amount of price charged from the customers over the costs price of its value chain activities basically it helps us in knowing about the firms internal environment. The third tool is the porters five forces tool which helps us in knowing about our competitors who are planning to enter the market and the level of competition among the existing players in the industry, the various substitutes that are available in the market, how much different is the product from its substitutes and at what cost they can switch to other products, concentration of the buyers and suppliers and their dominance in that industry. It also helps in gaining information about other supplier’s methods and cost and is also aims at increasing its incentive and making a direct link with its consumers. Overall this tool helps us in gathering knowledge about the competition prevailing in the industry but again it has a major disadvantage of not being applicable in today dynamic business environment where we have so much variety in terms of our FMCG products. The fourth tool is the swot analysis which talks about the various strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of our noodles brand. It basically helps us in working towards improving our weakness and the threats facing our noodles and also keep up with our strengths rather make them stronger and grab the upcoming opportunity. Another tool used like the environmental basics which helps us in finding our products market share, market sixe and market growth rate , all these factors help us in building strategies to increase the current market growth rate and the market share. The last tool used is the product life cycle tool which helps in analysing the stage at which our product is in the market presently, whether it is the introduction, growth, maturity or decline and how it has reached at that stage over the past years. It thus gives us an idea as to what stage it will likely be in the coming years. 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